Neodymium
The most important rare earth for permanent magnets, essential for EVs and renewables.
Properties
Neodymium (Nd): Permanent Magnetism
Neodymium was separated in 1885 by Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach from its 'twin', praseodymium. The two elements had been confused together and named didymium, which is why neodymium—'new twin' (neos didymos)—got its name. Its first uses were to tint glass and ceramics delicate colors. Its true revolution came in the 20th century: alloyed with iron and boron, neodymium creates the most powerful permanent magnets in the world (Nd). These magnets are the beating heart of the energy transition, indispensable to electric vehicle motors, direct‑drive wind turbines and the micromotors in our electronic devices.
Key Applications
Market Data
Neodymium (Nd): The Heart of Electric Mobility
Neodymium is the most coveted rare earth for its ability—when alloyed with iron and boron—to create the world's most powerful permanent magnets (NdFeB).
Strategic Applications: Electric and hybrid vehicle motors, wind turbine generators, computer hard drives, high‑fidelity headphones.
Industrial Interest: Neodymium sits at the core of the energy transition; possession is essential for industries betting on transport electrification and renewable power.
Risks & Substitutes
Supply concentration (China ~85%) and significant price volatility.
Dependence on Dy/Tb for high‑temperature magnets (cost and availability).
Substitutes/alternatives: ferrite or SmCo magnets (lower performance), induction or switched‑reluctance motors (reduce Nd reliance).
Related Elements
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